This page replicates the analysis given in Ross (1985).
You will need to Download Ross1985.csv to replicate the analysis below. You could also Download Ross1985.Rmd so you can use R markdown.
This study examined the relative effectiveness of mental practice in improving trombone performance. The experiment involved 30 trombonists from three colleges. They were randomly assigned to one of five experimental practice conditions: (1) all physical practice, (2) all mental practice, (3) a combination of physical and mental practice, (4) mental practice with simulated slide movement, and (5) no practice (control). A short {’e}tude served as both a pre- and posttest. A one-way analysis of covariance and subsequent Scheff{’e}’s Test found three pairs of groups significantly different from each other: (1) combined practice and no practice, (2) combined practice and mental practice, and (3) physical practice and no practice. The results of the study suggest that the use of mental with physical practice can accrue many benefits for the skilled trombonist.
Comparison of 5 experimental practice conditions for 30 trombonists from 3 colleges. Pre-test and post-test scores.
Conditions: 1=All Physical Practice (PP) 2=All mental practice (MP) 3=Combination of physical and mental (CP) 4=Mental Practice with simulated slide movement (MPS) 5= No Practice Control (NP)
Ross1985=read.csv("Ross1985.csv", stringsAsFactors = TRUE) |> mutate()
str(Ross1985) 'data.frame': 30 obs. of 3 variables:
$ Condition : int 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 ...
$ PrePractice : int 20 8 26 27 28 29 20 26 29 27 ...
$ PostPractice: int 26 19 33 32 29 34 24 28 29 30 ...